The present study aimed at investigating the PHYSICALSECURITY dimensions affecting the SECURITY of volleyball stadiums inIran. The study employed a descriptive-exploratory researchmethod conducted on 115 managers and officials in volleyballstadiums, presidents and experts of Provincial Volleyball Boards aswell as experts in the field of sports facilities and events as well assports violence and aggression. They answered a 20-itme PHYSICALSECURITY Assessment Questionnaire extracted from the adjusted Stadium SECURITY Questionnaire (Faraji, 2014). The collected datawere analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The research findings indicated that PHYSICAL SECURITY is one of themain factors affecting the SECURITY of volleyball stadiums in Iran. Control of toxic and chemical substances (0. 91), internal control(0. 90), peripheral environment control (0. 70) and court entrancecontrol (0. 59) were considered as the most important factors ofPHYSICAL SECURITY on the SECURITY of volleyball stadiums (P <0. 05). It seems that the strict implementation of the SECURITY inspectionprotocol for spectators, the adoption of appropriate SECURITYmeasures in the external environment of volleyball stadiums, thereform of the ticket sales system, and the use of new methods fordistributing and selling tickets to control the court entrances canprevent spectators’ violent behaviors and increase their satisfaction. As a result, the SECURITY of volleyball stadiums can be fulfilled.

Purpose: Food SECURITY is a critical global challenge that is influenced by research and innovation in the field. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the scientific output of developing countries in food SECURITY and examine its relationship with patents and Gross Domestic Product (GDP).Methodology: This applied research utilized the Scientometric approach. A total of 8,416 papers published between 1992-2023 in the field of food SECURITY by developing countries were included in the study using citation databases from Clarivate Analytics. Additionally, patent registrations from the WIPO database and GDP data from the World Bank were analyzed. Information was collected through note-taking, and the data was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.Findings: The findings reveal an upward trend in the publication and citation of scientific outputs related to food SECURITY in developing countries. China has higher numbers of papers, patents, GDP, and food production index compared to Iran, Japan, and South Korea. There is also a positive correlation observed between population and the number of papers, gross production and the number of papers, food production and the number of published papers, as well as the number of patents and papers citing scientific outputs of countries.Conclusion: These results highlight the significant relationship between increasing scientific output, GDP, the number of patents, and food SECURITY. Greater emphasis on food SECURITY contributes to enhanced scientific output, GDP, and innovation. Similarly, increasing scientific output, GDP, and innovation positively impact food SECURITY in countries.Value: This study emphasizes the importance of scientific outputs in driving technological advancements, innovations, and ultimately, ensuring food SECURITY in developing countries.

Background: The expansion of the use of audio and video media technology has faced society with many medical, cultural and economic challenges. In the meantime, excessive use of mobile phones can cause many problems. Objective: The aim of this study was to construct and validate a questionnaire on PHYSICAL and psychological injuries of mobile phones. Method: The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational and confirmatory factor analysis. The statistical population of the study consisted of all citizens of Khorramabad with a diploma or higher in 1399, which was selected as a statistical sample by available sampling method of 200 people online and virtual. Results: The results showed that the factorized PHYSICAL and psychological harm questionnaire of cell phone with 42 questions and 10 components (fear of loss, vibration syndrome, duck syndrome, nomophobia, insomnia, hearing problem, eye syndrome, tunnel and neck syndrome SMS) and has good reliability, validity and flexibility in terms of psychometrics. Discussion and Conclusion: The questionnaire of factor analysis of PHYSICAL and psychological injuries of mobile phones can be used to identify and study the PHYSICAL and psychological injuries of mobile phones.

ABSTRACT Despite a wide range of components and criteria affecting travel behavior presented through empirical research, the results of these studies are inconclusive, which could be due to the difference between these components and criteria in the study areas. Therefore, this research presented a method to determine which factors in different PHYSICAL developments affect travel behavior due to the differences in various PHYSICAL developments. The required information was collected through 271 questionnaires at the level of three neighborhoods of Monirieh, Koye Bimeh, and Koye Golestan in Tehran, Iran, as the old, conventional, and new neighborhoods, respectively. ANOVA test was exerted to analyze the significant difference between different development patterns in three neighborhoods. Dunnett's T3 was applied to determine which neighborhood caused the difference between groups. Also, the factors affecting travel behavior were obtained based on exploratory factor analysis indicators. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test and regression analysis, it was discovered that factors such as car ownership, dependence and pro-liking for private cars, density and access to educational centers and parks, access to medical and service centers, and variety and density of retail stores had been introduced as the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. However, proximity to the public transportation station, accessibility preferences in choosing a residence, dependence, and pro-liking for other than a private car, having a license, number of children under five years old, and age have influenced travel behavior regardless of the variation between neighborhoods. Extended Abstract Introduction Finding factors affecting travel behavior has been one of the main concerns of transportation planners. However, in the last two decades, the importance of the influence of the features of the built environment, including land use, along with demographic-economic characteristics, travel behavior, and attitudes of people, has been raised by urban planners. Studies seek to find factors affecting travel behavior, especially land use characteristics. Despite presenting a wide range of components and criteria affecting travel behavior, the results of the studies are inconclusive, which could be due to the difference between these components and criteria in the study areas. Therefore, this research presented a method to determine which factors in different PHYSICAL developments affect travel behavior due to the differences in various PHYSICAL developments. In order to do this, it must first be determined whether the study areas/different development patterns have a significant difference in terms of travel behavior or not. In case of a positive answer to the previous question, the following question is which study areas caused this difference. The next question arises: -Which PHYSICAL and non-PHYSICAL characteristics affect travel behavior due to distinctions between different development patterns?   Methodology The present research method is analytical and experimental based on quantitative methods. This research chose the frequency of travel by private car, public transportation, and walking as the travel behavior. According to the research's purpose, indicators and criteria affecting travel behavior were extracted after reviewing the theoretical and experimental literature. Then, the required information was collected through 271 questionnaires at the level of three neighborhoods of Monirieh, Koye Bimeh, and Koye Golestan as the old, conventional, and new neighborhoods, respectively. The questionnaire was compiled as a Likert scale in five parts of travel information, demographic-economic characteristics, perceptual characteristics of land use, travel habits, and access preferences of people in choosing their residence. ANOVA test was used to analyze the significant difference between different groups of a characteristic (here, different development patterns or the three case studies). Dunnett T3 was exerted to determine which neighborhood caused the difference between groups. Also, the factors affecting travel behavior were obtained based on exploratory factor analysis indicators. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test and regression analysis, it was discovered which factors affecting travel behavior were due to the differences in study areas and which factors affect travel behavior regardless of development patterns.   Results and discussion This research aims to identify the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. In this regard, the findings in line with the first research question show that the frequency of three modes of travel, by private car, transportation, and pedestrian, differ significantly in the three neighborhoods. Furthermore, ANOVA test results depict that there is a significant difference between these three neighborhoods in terms of factors affecting travel behavior, such as perceptually environmental characteristics of the neighborhood, dependence and pro-liking for personal cars, variety and density of retail stores, density and access to educational units and parks, access to medical and service centers, and car ownership. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test with the regression analysis assessing the relationship between PHYSICAL and non-PHYSICAL factors (the same indicators in the same study areas) with travel behavior, the factors affecting travel behavior owing to different development patterns were identified. Factors such as car ownership, dependence and pro-liking for private cars, density and access to educational units and parks, access to medical and service centers, and variety and density of retail stores have been introduced as the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. However, proximity to the public transportation station, accessibility preferences in choosing a place of residence, dependence, and pro-liking for other than a private car, having a certificate, number of children under five years old, and age have influenced on travel behavior regardless of the variation between neighborhoods (different PHYSICAL development patterns).   Conclusion In In order to discover the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in patterns of PHYSICAL development, this research has provided a more detailed analysis of the factors affecting travel behavior. It has achieved more accurate components than previous studies in this regard. Detailed analysis of studies related to travel behavior and finding the main components affecting it, considering the extent of variables and data, can pave the way for professionals in transportation planning and urban planning, in addition to providing detailed methods and criteria in the related literature.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

According to the SECURITY of its non-police aspect, it is a new phenomenon and generally a lack of studies in this area is obvious. The roots of some crimes and a feeling of insecure is due to a lack of attention of urban planners and managers. The big issue in terms of SECURITY and the prevention of critical events and crime is whether the big cities, have provided such conditions? This study aimed to understand the role of different factors and the PHYSICAL environment and its impact on SECURITY. The research method is a combination of descriptive - analytic. This article attempts to answer these questions: 1- Does the combination of environmental and PHYSICAL factors is effective in SECURITY of urban areas? 2. Is the composition and distribution of urban land use surrounding public spaces in the study area is effective to increase urban SECURITY? The study area is District 8 of Tehran. Information required is obtained by library and field observation. Analysis of the data is done via SPSS software and Minitabs and GIS. The results indicate that the local SECURITY as well as environmental and PHYSICAL differences in them is different. Also 13 neighborhood of district 8 of Tehran in terms of SECURITY and the individual components of research were ranked. SECURITY in those public spaces which have diverse and mix urban land-use, compared to other similar places that have lack of diversity and mix urban land use were different.

Parallel to the rapid development of modern wireless communication technologies, the SECURITY and reliability of these systems have always been a major challenge in their design. PHYSICAL layer SECURITY is an effective solution for ensuring SECURITY in telecommunications systems, which has gained significant attention in recent years. In PHYSICAL layer SECURITY based on frequency diverse array directional modulation, the beam of the transmitted signal depends on both angle and distance, in a way that the modulation scheme can only be properly received within a small range around the legitimate receiver and is intentionally degraded in other directions. While the effectiveness of this method is acceptable when accurate information about the position of the legitimate receiver is available, it suffers from a severe performance degradation in the presence of positioning estimation errors, which are highly probable in cellular wireless networks. In this paper, a novel solution against positioning estimation errors is proposed to improve the performance of PHYSICAL layer SECURITY by enhancing the secrecy rate of the system. Numerical simulations demonstrate the desirable performance of this method in robustness of the secrecy rate degradation against positioning estimation errors in the legitimate receiver so that the secrecy rate is improved up to one 1 bit per second per Hertz compared to the non-robust method.

In this paper, the securities in the city of Babolsar have been analyzed considering PHYSICAL indicators. Secondary sources have been used in this research. The main research data to analyze if the city feels safe PHYSICAL environment within defined parameters, has been collected through field observation in 16 branches of city neighborhoods. The aim of this article is to analyze the Hierarchy SECURITY in Babolsar city neighborhoods based on PHYSICAL indicators.The methods used were descriptive - analytical. In order to analyze and review the SECURITY in city neighborhoods sets of indicators have been used. These indicators showed the PHYSICAL features and the design representing the neighborhood. These indicators included quality of streets, vegetation, lighting, urban furniture, texture compression and open or close spaces. In order to analyze and explain the data the PHYSICAL SECURITY space were used in the scales of 0 and 1, and ranking areas was performed based on the SAWtechnique.Based on studies with six PHYSICAL parameters (quality of streets, urban, open and closed space, vegetation, lighting and urban furniture) that conducted at the neighborhood level Babolsar cities, neighborhood of 4 (Shahrak-e-Ghaem), 3 (Shahrak-e-daneshga), 5 (Shahrak-e-saheli) and 15 (Nokhost vaziri) it was revealed that they have best conditions compared to other neighborhoods from the perspective of indicators in relation with crime prevention in PHYSICAL form. However neighborhoods that have minimal standards required to reduce background incidence of crime were located as (neighborhoods of Bi-bi sar rooze, Javadiye, Kazem Abad, Uormahale-ye-bala and the neighborhood of 16) in the neighborhoods that shaped in the Babolsar fourth wave of development. However, these places were created under emergency condition and mainly were location of low income people.